Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling

References

McMinn, M. (1996). Psychology, theology, and spirituality in Christian counseling. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.

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1. Praying for clients outside of sessions. As counselors, we are committed to the health of our clients. Therefore, we have a spiritual obligation to pray faithfully for our clients. This type of prayer is the least risky for a counselor to use.
2. Silently praying for clients during sessions. The counselor needs to use this type of prayer with care. McMinn (1996) recommends using it during pauses in the session in order for the counselor to ask for guidance from the Holy Spirit. The counselor should keep it brief and set other limits so as to not interfere with the counselors listening ability. Having a counselor engaged in silent in-session prayer at the same time the client asking the counselor a question could damage the client-therapist relationship.
3. Devotional meditation outside of sessions. This type of prayer can be as effective in reducing anxiety or anger issues in a client. However, whereas in Eastern religions, the use of imagery and meditation is used to empty one’s mind, this type of meditation is used to fill one’s mind with positive thoughts from the Holy Spirit as the guide.
4. Devotional meditation during sessions. This type of prayer is considered effective as part of cognitive behavior therapy when a counselor is trying to help a client modify faulty core beliefs.
5. In-session prayer training. Clients learn the various types of prayer during the counseling session and complete homework assignments at home to strengthen their spiritual life.
6. Occasional in-session prayer. This type of prayer may be beneficial for those clients facing acute stress or grief, such as for people coping with the loss of a loved one. However, praying with a client who is known to have a mental disorder, such as schizophrenia could be destructive to the patient and to the therapeutic relationship.
7. Routine in-session prayer. This type of prayer is what Jesus condemned as it is praying for social effect. Most prayer should a private relationship with God. Routine in-session prayer runs the risk of becoming a ritual as with praying before meals is a ritual and social effect.

References

McMinn, M. R. (1996). Psychology, theology, and spirituality: In christian counseling. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.

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Confronting sin is usually not advised if there is not a good level of trust between the counselor and the client. McMinn (1996) identified four situations in which counselors can use to confront sin: silence, pondering, questioning, and direct censure. Direct censure is the most risky as it has the potential of damaging the therapeutic relationship. As McMinn (1996) has stated, sometimes silence is golden.  Not saying anything causes the client to think through what they just said.  The use of silence is best to show an impartial stand towards a client without having to play judge and jury. As counselors, we are not in the position to play judge and jury. Our goal in counseling is to help a client become more psychologically healthy by bringing them closer to God.

In confrontation it is important to remember the purpose and goal.  The purpose of counseling and specifically of confrontation is to bring healing, redemption, and reconciliation (Brewer, n.d.).  With this in mind the counselor’s aim should be to fully examine their own motives and reasons behind confronting a client.  The best interest of the client at that particular period in time should be the guiding determinant as to what form to use and whether confrontation is appropriate.  Guiding a client toward healing and restoring their relationships between God, self, and others should drive this technique (Brewer, n.d.).

Brewer (n.d.) indicated that many times the word confrontation is immediately linked to what he calls direct censure.   Direct censure involves the common idea of verbally bringing out sin into the open and entails significant risk in the counseling office if the client is not prepared or ready for this specific approach.  Brewer (n.d.) states that the meaning of confrontation in counseling involves many different approaches such as silence, pondering, questioning, visualization of end outcome, and prayer.  These techniques can all be used as a way to encourage the client to work through sinful behavior or questionable situations.

Reference

Brewer, G. (n.d.). [Confrontation and confession in Christian counseling]. Liberty University.

McMinn, M. R. (1996). Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling. Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.

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References

McMinn, M. R. (1996). Psychology, theology, and spirituality: In christian counseling. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.

• Prayer and the Holy Spirit in Counseling

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A counselor who is a Christian has the initial challenge to develop a powerful, personal prayer life.  Such a spiritual and prayer life, or lack thereof, will directly impact the understanding, approach, and use of prayer in counseling.  McMinn (1996) states that the use of prayer in session is not what should be in question, but what forms of prayer with which clients and under what circumstances.  It is important to remember that seeking to help a client find and build a healthy sense of self, need, and healing relationships means that a counselor cannot use prayer as a coercive means to control or as a mask that the client can use to cover deeper issues (McMinn, 1996).  Therefore, it is imperative for a client to be open and willing to take part in prayer and not be forced into participation.

Brewer (n.d.) indicates that possible negative impacts of prayer could be the development of dependency on the counselor rather than God, self-consciousness, putting on a mask, and breach of boundaries.  To caution against these negative outcomes a counselor can use prayer for clients outside of the session, silent prayer in session, meditation outside of session, and imagery in session, to name a few (Brewer, n.d.).  What are important are the comfort level of the client and the appropriate use of prayer suited specifically for the circumstances.

References

Brewer, G. (n.d.). [Prayer and Christian Counseling]. Liberty University.

Brewer, G. (n.d.). [Prayer for Psychological and Spiritual Health]. Liberty University.

McMinn, M.R. (1996). Psychology, theology, and spirituality in Chrisitan counseling. Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House.

• Prayer in Counseling Continued

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 It does seem like a very pain-staking process when you read all of the data, but very sound and intelligent.  I really don’t see it as useful with children as the client needs to understand intrinsic thoughts and values in order to benefit.  I think it always important for a counselor to not present themselves in a condescending manner to their clients and use whatever technique what be most useful for each individual’s situation. 

References

Rollnick S., & Miller, W.R. (1995).  What is motivational interviewing?  Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 325-334. Retrieved April 7, 2009 from http://motivationalinterview.org/clinical/whatismi.html.

Jenkins, David, (2003). Working with addictive disorders: a motivational interviewing perspective. Paper presented at the 2003 AACC World Conference, Nashville, TN.

• Spirituality, Therapeutic Relationships, and the Ministry of Counseling

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References

Bufford, R. (1997). Consecrated Counseling: Reflection on the Distinctives of Christian counseling. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 25(1), 111-122.

Clinton, T. & Ohlschlager, G. (2002). Competent Christian counseling (Vol. 1). Colorado Springs, CO: Water Brook Press.

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